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AIM: To investigate the changes of protein expressions in human lens epithelial cells(SRA01/04)undergoing oxidative damage, hoping to provide new protein target for the pathogenesis of age-related cataract(ARC).METHODS: SRA01/04 cells were divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, cells were irradiated with ultraviolet-B(UVB)for 10min to establish the model of oxidative damage, whereas cells in the control group were untreated. Protein expression profile from the two groups was sequenced by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ). The filtering criteria that fold change >1.2 and p<0.05 was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs). Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were utilized for functional enrichment analysis of the top 50 DEPs with either up-regulated or down-regulated significance. Furthermore, Pathway commons software was used to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.RESULTS: Overall, 552 DEPs were screened out. A total of 176 DEPs were up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group, including HMGB1 and USP1, while 376 DEPs were down-regulated, including POLR2A and POLR2B. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the top 50 DEPs with up-regulated or down-regulated significance were involved in various crucial biological processes and signaling pathways. PPI network revealed that oxidative damage repair(ODR)-related proteins might play a key role in UVB-induced oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of multiple proteins, especially ODR-related proteins, can be altered in SRA01/04 cells via UVB irradiation. These findings may provide cellular-related insights into the pathogenesis of ARC and into proteins or pathways associated with therapeutic targets.
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Autophagic flux refers to a series of dynamic process of autophagic bilayer membrane formation, autophagosome formation, autophagolysosomes formation and degradation. The etiology of cataract is complex, including congenital abnormalities in lens development due to genetic mutations, oxidative damage due to aging, abnormalities in glucose metabolism due to diabetes, and proliferation of lens epithelial cells(LECs)stimulated by postoperative inflammatory factor, all of which are associated with the development of cataracts. A growing number of research in recent years have discovered that altering the status of LECs can contribute to the pathophysiological process of cataract by regulating autophagic flux. This review summarized the impacts of autophagic flux regulation on cataract.
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A contributory role of oxidative stress and protection by antioxidant nutrients have been suspected in cataract formation. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), an effective lanostane triterpene, is widely reported as an antioxidant. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of GAA on cataract formation. After lens epithelial cells (LECs) were exposed to UVB radiation for different periods, cell viability, apoptosis-related protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were monitored. We found that cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and SOD activity were increased, while Cleaved caspase-3 levels and MDA activity were decreased compared with those in UVB-impaired LECs after GAA treated. Furthermore, GAA activated PI3K/AKT in UVB-impaired LECs and effectively delayed the occurrence of lens opacity in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that GAA exhibited protective functions in SRA01/04 cells and rat lenses against UVB-evoked impairment through elevating cell viability and antioxidant activity, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and delaying lens opacity.
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Animals , Humans , Rats , Apoptosis , Cataract/prevention & control , Cell Line , Cell Survival , Epithelial Cells/radiation effects , Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology , Lanosterol/pharmacology , Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The purpose of cataract surgery has been raised from blindness prevention to refractive correction.As the quality of IOL impacts postoperative refractive outcomes,IOL plays a vital role in the surgery.Besides,the choice of calculation formulas of IOL influences the quality of IOL.Accordingly,this article aims to give a review on the latest research progress of IOL calculation formulas.
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Corneal astigmatism includes anterior astigmatism (AA) and posterior astigmatism (PA).According to the hterature,85.0％-96.1％ PA ranging from-0.01 to-1.10 D refers to astigmatism against the rule.With the age increasing,PA shows a significant trend from astigmatism against the rule to with the rule,while AA shows toward against-the-rule astigmatism.Therefore,PA often leads to partially decrease of total astigmatism (TA) in young adults,but the increase of TA in aged elderly.Clinically,ignorance of PA will lead to a false estimate of TA,thereby affecting visual quality after refractive cataract surgery.And this article aims to introduce the measurement of PA and its clinical significance for providing the reference in clinical practices.
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AIM:To investigate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) among people aged 50 years and above in Funing county,Jiangsu province.METHODS:Survey research.Random cluster sampling was used in selecting individuals aged ≥ 50 years in 30 clusters in Funing county.Proportions were compared by using the x2 test and the means compared by using the ttest.Logistic regression was used to detect possible factors of ARMD such as age and gender.RESULTS:A total of 6145 persons aged 50 years were enumerated and 5947 (96.78％) participants were received visual acuity test and eye examination.The prevalence of ARMD was 7.53％,with a total of 448 individuals (633 eyes).The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment for presenting visual acuity were 4.13％ and 11.96％,respectively.The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment for presenting visual acuity were 4.45％ and 7.79％,respectively.Older were significant risk factors of ARMD (OR=1.01,P=0.04).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of ARMD was higher among people aged 50 years and above in Funing county,Jiangsu province.ARMD is one of the leading cause of visual impairment.
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?AIM: To study the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) rs1157699 in the calcitonin receptor-like receptor ( CRLR ) gene with primary angle closure ( PAC) in a Han Chinese population.?METHODS: All samples, involved 232 PAC cases and 306 controls, were obtained from an epidemiologic survey conducted in Funing, Jiangsu Province, China. Genotyping were carried out by TaqMan-MGB probe using the real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction system to study the relationship between SNP of rs1157699 in CRLR gene and PAC.?RESULTS: The prevalence of CRLRrs1157699 genotype was 67.4%, 30.0%, 2.6% for CC, CT, TT in cases, and 71.3%, 27.0%, 1.7% in controls respectively.There was no difference between the two groups in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of rs1157699 (P>0.05).?CONCLUSION:Our results do not support a significant role for rs1157699 in CRLR with PAC.
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Background Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) following cataract extracapsular extraction is a major cause of the reduction of visual acuity.Topical administration of eye drops is a research hotspot for the prevention of PCO.Objective This study was to evaluate the release of cyclosporine A-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CyA-CS-NP) by ionic gelation in vitro and its feasibility of modification of the surface of polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens (PMMA IOL) with CyA-CS-NP.Methods The CS-NP and CyA-CS-NP were prepared by ionic gelation of CS with sodium tripolyphosphate.The characteristics of CS-NP,such as the appearance and mean size,and drug entrapment efficient (EE),loading capacity (LC),and the drug release were studied ; the CyA content on the IOL surface was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The IOL surface modified with CyA-CS-NP was observed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique (XPS),the changes of elements and chemical bond types between simple plasma processed IOL and CyA-CS-NP modified IOL were analyzed.The transmittance at the wavelength of 360-490 nm and refraction of IOL were detected using back focal length method and spectrophotometer,and the effective resolution of IOL was evaluated according to the instruction of ISO/CD 11979-2.Loops anti fatigue test of IOL referred to the criteria of ISO/CD 11979-3.Results The CS-NP and CyA-CS-NP showed monodisperse,uniform appearance similar to spherical shape with a mean size of (158±18) nm and (219±29) nm,respectively.The CyA-CS-NP had high CyA association efficiency and loading capacity (64.2％ and 7.6％).In vitro release study revealed a fast release on the first day followed by a increased drug release during an 11-day following up.The sustained release was approximately 46.6％ at day 1 and 77.7％ at day 12,respectively.The surface of IOLs with cling film was smooth without CS-NP;while the edge of IOLs appeared a layer of CyA-CS-NP after modification.XPS analysis displayed some elements such as phosphonium,CNH2 and O =CN that appeared on the modified surface,indicating that CyA-CS-NP existed on the surface of IOLs edge.The mean quality of CyA on three IOLs surface after modification was 171.88 μg.The diopter,distinguishing ability and transmittance of modified IOL were (16.64±0.23) D,(90.28 ± 0.25) ％ and (73.57 ±0.62) ％,and those of unmodified IOL were (16.62±0.29) D,(90.28±0.21) ％,(73.61±0.60)％,without significant differences between them (t =0.381,0.078,2.291,all at P ＞ 0.05).The antifatigue ability of loops complied with the criteria of ISO/CD 11979-3.Conclusions The optical property and antifatigue ability of loops of the edge-modified IOLs by CyA-CS-NP reach the normal standard and meet the requirement of clinic application.The edge-modified IOLs by CyA-CS-NP can be a delivery system for intraocular drug release.
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Background The pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) and high myopia are very complex.To construct the regulatory network of virulence genes and relevant genes that involved in pathogenicity are helpful for reveal of the pathogenesis.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate myocilin(Myoc),a gene that contributes to POAG and high myopia in eyes of BXD Recombinant Inbred(BXD RI)mice and construct the regulatory network of Myoc.Methods The affymetrix microarray system was used to detect the differential expression of Myoc in the eyes of C57BL/6J(B6),DBA/2J(D2) and BXD RI mice.Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping was performed to construct the regulatory network of Myoc gene.Results The average expression level of the Myoc gene in the BXD strains was 10.83,and the gene exhibited expression levels ranging from 8.39 in BXD55 mice tol 1.43 in B6 mice.The eQTL mapping for the Myoc gene showed a significant likelihood ratio statistic (LRS) of 21.78.The QTL was mapped in chromosome 2,and Myoc was located on chromosome 1,indicating that the Myoc gene was a trans-acting QTL.Olfml2a was identified to be a candidate upstream gene of Myoc by analysis of bioinformatics.Genetic regulatory network analysis demonstrated that a series of genes associated with Myoc probably played roles in the pathogenesis and development of POAG and high myopia.Conclusions The genetical genomics approach provides a powerful tool for constructing pathways that contribute to complex traits,such as POAG and high myopia.
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Background Age-related cataract is one of the common causes of blindness.Although the pathophysiology of age-related cataract is far from clearly understood,it is well accepted that DNA damage plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis.Objective The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of age-related cataract.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out.This study complied Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Two hundred and eleven patients with agerelated cataract and 147 normal subjects were enrolled from a “ Jiangsu Eye Study:Funing 2011 Eye Disease Epidemic Survey”.All the subjects aged from 50 through 80 years with matched age and gender between the two groups.The percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) were detected by comet assay to assess the extent of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes.Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 software,and the differences of the percentage of tail DNA and OTM were compared between the age-related cataract group and normal control group by independent sample t test as well as among the 50-59 years group,60-69 years group and ≥70 years group by one-way analysis of variance.Results Comet assay showed a round lymph cell with the clear border in the normal group;while in the age-related cataract group,the cell was bigger with a comet-like tail.The percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (21.75 ± 3.51) ％ and 6.54 ± 1.65 in the age-related cataract group,and those in the normal control group were (9.31 ±3.60)％ and 2.18 ± 1.10,respectively,with significant differences between them (t =32.67,P =0.00 ; t =28.02,P =O.00).In the 50-59 years subgroup of the age-related cataract group,the percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (20.04±2.86) ％ and 5.92± 1.14,and in the 60-69 years subgroup of the age-related cataract group,the percentage of tail DNA and OTM in peripheral lymphocytes were (20.77 ±2.93) ％ and 6.13 ± 1.14,which were significantly reduced in comparison with (22.79 ± 3.67)％ and 6.95±1.91 of the ≥70years subgroup(TailDNA％:q=2.75,P=0.00; q=2.02,P=0.00;OTM:q=1.03,P =0.02 ; q =0.82,P =0.00).Conclusions The pathogenesis and development of age-related cataract probably is associated with DNA damage.
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AIM: To investigate the topography of the anterior surface of the human crystalline lens. ·METHODS: A Non-contact three-coodinate measuring system was utilized to scan the anterior surfaces of 8 human eye lenses in vitro. Acquired data were processed and computer models of the anterior lens surfaces were made using the program (Surfacer v 10.0). The to-pography of the anterior lens surfaces were established. Radii of curvature were measured at preset spots over the lens surfaces and two way analysis of variance was performed. The data were analysed to determine whether the radius of curvature varied systematically with the position on the lens surface from which the measurement was made. Lens surface asymmetric index (LSAI) was defined and calculated. The vertical and horizontal meridians of the modeled lens were calculated, and the best curve fit to any conic section was determined. ·RESULTS: The topography of the anterior lens surface indicated that the central zone (the central radius of curvature is (9.09±0.80)mm was steeper than that of the peripheral zone(17.05±2.20)mm. Two way analysis of variance of the radii of curvature at preset spots over the lens surfaces showed that the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Curve regression of radii of curvature at preset spots and their distances to the surface center revealed that the correlation of them was the third power function. LSAI increased steadily from the lens surface center(0.013±0.005) to the periphery(0.184± 0.065). The dots on the horizontal and vertical meridians were fit to four kinds of curves, and the determinate coefficient of hyperbola fit were the largest (0.9989-0.9999). ·CONCLUSION: The anterior lens surface is imperfectly rotational symmetric. Moreover, the nearer to the center, the more rotational symmetric it is. Radii of curvature increase nonlinearly from the surface center to the periphery. Anterior lens surface is typically hyperbolic.
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Objective To explore the cataract surgery quality on blindness prevention and postoperative problems in village in short period. Design Population-based survey. Participants 251 cases(254 eyes) received operation and 131 cases(134 eyes)were surveyed 6-month postoperatively. Methods Patients were examined 6-month after the small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and intra ocular lens(IOL) implantation. Examinations were conducted by a special oculist including far vision, near vision, external in- spection, anterior segment, posterior segment, intraocular pressure. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, diopter, eye complications of surgery. Results Naked far vision of the operated eye more than or equal to 0.3 was 41.8%, naked far vi- sion of the eye more than or equal to 0.05 was 82.8%; corrected far vision more than or equal to 0.3 was 64.2%, corrected far vision more than or equal to 0.05 was 92.3%. Naked near vision more than or equal to 0.1 was 79.9%, corrected near vision more than or e- qual to 0.1 was 85.8%. The main postoperative complications were ametropia, posterior capsule opacification(PCO), deformed pupil, pupil displacement, pigments of IOL, eccentric IOL and intraocular hypertension. The chief reasons of eyes that could not be recovered were vitreous, retina or optic nerve diseases, the key factors that caused living vision less than 0.3 were ametropia, PCO, the disease of vitreous, retina and optic nerve. Conclusions The serious complications affecting the surgery result are limited in a low range. The most important factors of the eye corrected far vision less than 0.05 are the vitreous, retina and optic nerve diseases. In order to improve the visual sight, we should add equipment to calculate the IOL diopter accurately.